Dib u habaynta calaamadaha kala duwan ee loogu talagalay dadka safarka ah
Bishii Maarso 2002, Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibedda ee Mareykanka waxay ku dhawaaqday samaynta Nidaamka La-Talinta Nabadgelyada Guriga. Miisaanka midabka leh ayaa loo bixiyay shan heer si loo yareeyo weerarrada argagixisada ee ku saabsan ciidda Maraykanka - kuwa ugu hooseeya ee "hooseeya", cagaarka midabka leh, iyo kuwa ugu daran oo ah "mid daran," midab-casaan. Laga soo bilaabo hordhaca, miisaanka codka midabka ayaa sare loo qaaday oo marar dhif ah ayaa la kordhiyay, oo kaliya in la beddelo si toos ah 2011.
Tan iyo markaas, Mareykanka iyo xulufadu waxay la kulmeen dhibaatooyin lagu muujinayo heerarka khatarta ah ee socdaalku ku dhici karaan adduunka. Iyadoo la marayo tijaabinta, dadka safarka ah waxay leeyihiin saddex habab oo kala duwan oo bixiya digniino ku saabsan safarka khatarta ah ee ay la kulmi karaan inta lagu safrayo guriga ama dibedda.
In kasta oo aanay noqon karin nidaamyada ugu sahlan ee lagu fahmo, ayaa digniino argagixisannimo ah ku yeelan kara saameyn halis ah oo ku lug leh socdaalayaasha iyagoo raadinaya adduunka oo dhan. Maxuu yahay digniinta safarka? Miyuu ka sarreeyaa talinta argagixisada qaranka? Iyadoo la fahmayo nidaamyada waaweyn ee digniinta caalamiga ah, safarku waxay sameyn karaan go'aamada ugu fiican marka ay timaado waqtiga socdaalka.
Waaxda Dawlada Mareykanka: Wargalinta Safarka iyo Digniinta Safarka
Safarrada badan, Waaxda Dawlada Mareykanka waa meesha ugu horeysa ee lagu joojiyo si loo ogaado khatarta qorsheynta safar qaybo ka mid ah adduunka. Ka hor intaanad tagin, safarrada caqli-gal ah waxay inta badan hubiyaan digniinta socdaalka iyo digniinta safarka si ay u qiimeeyaan halista ay wajahayaan markaad safar dibadda ah.
Waaxda Arrimaha Dibeda ee Waaxda Socdaalka waxay tahay dhacdo gaaban oo saameyn karta dadka safarka ah inta lagu jiro safarkooda soo socda ee ka baxsan Maraykanka oo kaliya oo muddo gaaban ah. Tusaalooyinka dhacdo waqti gaaban ah waxaa ka mid ah xilli doorasho oo keeni karta dibad baxyo iyo calaamadaha caadiga ah ee la qaado, digniin caafimaad oo ay ugu wacan tahay cudurrada faafa (oo ay ku jiraan viruska Zika), ama caddayn macquul ah oo weerar weerar argagixiso ah.
Marka xaaladdu ay dhammaato ama ay gacanta ku hayso, Wasaarada Gobolku badiyaa waxay joojinaysaa digniinta socdaalka.
Ka duwan feejignaanta safarka, digniinta safarka waa xaalad mudo dheer ah oo ay socotada u baahan yihiin inay dib u fiiriyaan qorshayaashooda safarka ka hor intaysan qorsheynin qorshe. Digniinaha safarka waxaa lagu kordhin karaa waddamada aan soo dhaweyneyno booqdayaasha Mareykanka , dhismayaasha dowlad la'aanta ama musuqmaasuqa , dembiyada socota ama rabshadaha ka dhanka ah dalxiisayaasha , ama khatarta joogtada ah ee weerarrada argagixisada .Dadka qaarkood waxay joogeen sanado badan dhammaadkii.
Ka hor intaan la safrin, safar kasta waa inuu hubiyaa in digniinta safarka ama digniinta aysan ku taagneyn waddankooda. Intaa waxaa dheer, safaradu waa inay tixgeliyaan barnaamijka STEP ee bilaashka ah ee Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibedda si ay u helaan digniin marka ay safrayaan oo dib u eegayaan ilaha laga helo safaaradda ugu dhow.
Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibedda Mareykanka: Nidaamka La-Talinta Argaggixisada Qaranka
Qiyaasta qaran ee ugu horreysa ee lagu qiimeeyo hanjabaadaha argagixisada, Nidaamka La-Talinta Nabadgelyada Guriga (Homeland Security Advisory System), ayaa si rasmi ah uga furtay 2011, wax ka badan sagaal sano ka dib markii la fuliyay. Meelkoodii ayaa ka yimid Nidaamka La-Talinta Argaggixisada Qaranka (NTAS), oo uu ku dhawaaqay Xoghayaha Amniga Gudaha Janet Napolitano.
Qaab-dhismeedka NTAS ayaa sare u qaaday nidaamka digniinta hore iyadoo ka saartay midabaynta codka, oo aan marnaba hoos ugu dhicin "Sare," midabka jaalaha ah. Halkii laga qaadi lahaa shan heer oo digniin ah, nidaamka cusubi wuxuu yaraynayaa hanjabaadaha ku iman kara laba heer: Horumarin Hanjabaad ah, iyo Hanjabaad Hanjabaad ah.
Digniinaha Hanjabaadaha ah waxaa loogu talagalay digniinta lagu kalsoonaan karo, gaar ahaan, ama cabsida argaggixisada argaggixisada ah ee Mareykanka ay leedahay kooxaha xagjirka ah ama waddamo kale. Feejignaanta khatarta sare leh, dhanka kale, ayaa kaliya ka digtay halis lagu kalsoonaan karo Mareykanka, iyada oo aan lahayn macluumaad gaar ah goobta ama taariikhda. Marka loo eego tilmaanta dadweynaha, digniin waxaa laga yaabaa inuu soo saaro Xoghayaha Amniga Gudaha, iyada oo lala kaashanayo hay'adaha kale ee sharci fulinta federaalka. Hay'adahaasi waxaa ka mid ah CIA, FBI, waxaana ku jiri kara hay'ado kale.
Digniinaha waxaa loogu talagalay in "... soo koobaan soo koobista khatarta iman karta, macluumaad ku saabsan tallaabooyinka loo qaaday si loo hubiyo nabadgelyada dadweynaha, waxayna ku taliyeen tallaabooyinka shakhsiyaadka, beelaha, ganacsatada iyo dawladaha ay qaadi karaan si ay uga caawiyaan ka hortagga, yareynta ama uga jawaabaan khatarta "Tan iyo markii fulinta nidaamka cusub, dhowr digniino ah ayaa la soo saarey, oo ay ku jiraan mid ka mid ah daba-galka wabiga Orlando habeenkii 2016-ka .
Boqortooyada Ingiriiska: Heerarka Halista Argaggixisada
Mas'uuliyiinta Ingiriiska ayaa isticmaalay nidaamyo si loo cabbiro khatarta weerarrada militariga ama argagixisanimada tan iyo 1970-kii, iyada oo hirgelinta BIKINI State. Sanadkii 2006, gobolka BIKINI waxaa si rasmi ah loogu ridayaa hanaanka Heerarka Heerka Ingiriiska.
Sida Nidaamka La-Talinta Nabadgalyada ee hore, heerka Heerka Hanjabaadaha Ingiriiska wuxuu muujinayaa suurtagalnimada weerarka argagixisanimo ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, oo ay ku jiraan England, Scotland, Wales, iyo Northern Ireland. Nidaamka ayaa loo kala jebiyey shan qaybood: ugu hooseeya ee "hooseeya", ugu sarrayna waa "mid muhiim ah". Si ka duwan Nidaamka La-Talinta Amniga Gudaha ama Gobolka BIKINI, ma jiro midab lagu xiro heerarka hanjabaadda argagixisannimada. Taa baddalkeeda, heerarka khatarta waxaa dejiya Xarunta Falanqaynta Argaggixisada ee Wadajirka ah iyo Adeegga Amniga (MI5).
Heerarka khatarta ma aha inay dhacaan taariikhda dhicitaanka waxayna ku xiran tahay hadba macluumaadka ay heshay Hay'adaha Britishka. Heerka Qalabka Boqortooyada Midowday wuxuu bixiyaa laba latalin oo kala duwan laba goobood: Ingiriiska (England, Scotland, iyo Wales), iyo Northern Ireland. Heerarka khatarta ayaa bixiya talooyin ku saabsan argagixisada caalamiga ah iyo argagixisada la xidhiidha waqooyiga Ireland.
Sidee Caymiska Socdaalku u saameeyaa digniinta socdaalka iyo digniinaha argagixisada
Iyada oo ku xiran xaaladda caalamiga ah iyo kalsoonida khatarta, caymiska safarka ayaa saameyn ku yeelan kara isbedelka nidaamyada caalamiga ah ee feejignaanta argagixisada. Haddii hanjabaad kor loo qaado heerka ugu filan, bixiyaha caymiska safarka ayaa laga yaabaa inuu tixgeliyo xaalad ahaan " dhacdo qeexan." Haddii taasi dhacdo, siyaasadda caymiska safarka ma bixin karto caymiska safar gobol ama gobol ka dib digniinta caalamiga ah ayaa la soo saaray.
Ka dibna, caymiska safarka lagama yaabo inuusan kordhin faa'iidooyinka dib u celinta safarka digniinta safarka ama digniinaha argagixisada. Sababtoo ah weerar argagixiso ma dhicin, caymiska safarka ma tixgelin karo bixinta digniinta munaasabadda u qalmidda si loo kobciyo faa'iidooyinka.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, kuwa safarka ah ee iibsanaya caymiska safarka kahor intaan la helin digniin ama digniin ayaa la filayaa in la qariyo haddii ay dhacdo weerar argagixiso . Marka lagu daro faa'iidooyinka safarka ee socdaalka, safarro ayaa laga yaabaa in lagu daboolo faa'iidooyinka dib-u-dhiska safarka, faa'iidooyinka kala-goynta ee socodsiinta, ama ka bixitaanka gurmadka deg-degga ah. Ka hor inta aanad iibsan caymiska safarka, hubi heerka caymiska caymiska safarkooda.
Inkasta oo ay wareer ku noqon karaan, fahamka nidaamka feejignaanta argagixisada waxay ka caawin kartaa safarrada inay sameeyaan go'aamada ugu wanaagsan markay diyaariyaan inay dibadda u baxaan. Markaad ogtahay waxa ujeedku yahay iyo sida caymiska safarka loo saameeyo, safar kasta waxaa loo diyaarin karaa xaalad kasta oo guriga ama dibedda ah.