Pulitzer Prize ku guuleysatey riwaayadii August Wilson (Abriil 27, 1945 - Oktoobar 2, 2005) waa mid ka mid ah qorayaasha ugu saameynta leh ee masraxa Mareykanka. Wuxuu si fiican ugu ogyahay wareegiisa aan hore loo arag ee 10 ciyaarood, oo badanaa loo yaqaan 'Pittsburgh Cycle' sababtoo ah dhamaanba hal ciyaar ayaa ku yaal xaafadda Pittsburgh halkaasoo August Wilson koray. Taxanaha cayaaraha waxay dabooli karaan musiibooyinka iyo rabitaanka African Americans tobankii sano ee qarnigii 20aad.
Sanadaha Hore:
Wiilka aabaha cad iyo hooyo madow, August Wilson wuxuu dhashay Frederick August Kittel 27-kii Abriil 1945 ee Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Aabihiis, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Frederick August Kittle, wuxuu ahaa haajiray Jarmal ah iyo kibisiye waxayna waqti badan ku qaadatay qoyska. Hooyadiis, Daisy Wilson, waxay kor u qaaday bishii Agoosto iyo shan caruur ah oo ku yaalo guri yaryar, laba qol jiif ah oo ku yaal xaafada Pittsburgh ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah ee Pittsburgh, oo si adag uga shaqeynaya gabadha nadiifinta si ay miiska u dhigto.
Markii bishii October Wilson ahayd mid da 'yar, hooyadiis waxay guursadeen David Bedford, qoyskiina waxay u soo guurey Hazelwood, oo ah xaafad aad u firfircoon. Halka iyo iskuulka, bisha Agoosto iyo qoyskiisa waxay la kulmeen hanjabaado iyo cadaawada jinsiyadeed. Ka dib markii ay soo maraan dugsiyo badan oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan hal sano oo ku yaal Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, August Wilson ugu danbeyntii dugsi oo dhan iskuulka laga saaray, markay da'doodu tahay 15 jir, waxay isku beddelaysaa iskuulka barbaarinta Carnegie.
Sanadaha Sare:
Ka dib aabbihiis wuxuu dhintay 1965, August Wilson si rasmi ah ayuu u bedelay magaciisa si uu u sharfo hooyadiis. Isla sanadkaas, wuxuu iibsaday saxaabadiisa kowaad oo bilaabay inuu qoro gabayada. Tijaabinta masraxa oo ay dhiirigelisay dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda madaniga ah, 1968-kii August Wilson ayaa aasaasay masraxa madow ee Horizons ee Hill Hill of Pittsburgh saaxiibkiisa, Rob Penny.
Shaqadiisii hore waxay ku guuldareysatey in ay hesho dareen badan, laakiin cayaartiisii saddexaad, "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" (1982), oo ku saabsan koox fanaanad madow ah oo ka hadlayay khibradooda ay ku leeyihiin cunsuriyada Mareykanka, ayaa ku guuleystay August Wilson Aqoonsi ballaaran oo tarjumay Afrika Waayo-aragnimada Maraykanka.
Abaalmarinta & Aqoonsiga:
August Wilson ayaa ka mid ahaa ciyaartoydii ugu fiicnaa ee soo jiidatay, waxaana abaalmarin abaalmarino badan oo ay ka mid yihiin abaalmarinta Tony (1985), New York Drama Critics Circle Award (1985) iyo Pulitzer Prize ee riwaayadda (1990). The Theater Theatre ee Broadway ee NYC waxaa loo beddelay Tartanka August Wilson ee sharaftiisii 2005, Xarunta Dhaqanka Afrikaanka ee Greater Pittsburgh waxaa loo magacabay Xarunta Weyn ee Aasaasiga Afrika ee Dhaqanka ee 2006.
Pittsburgh Cycle ee Plays:
10-ka ciyaarood ee kala duwan, mid walbana qarinaya tobanka sano ee kale ee qarniga 20-aad, August Wilson wuxuu darsaday nolosha, riyada, guusha iyo musiibooyinka taariikhda Afrikaanka-Maraykanka iyo dhaqanka. Badanaa waxa loo yaqaan "Pittsburgh Cycle," dhammaantood laakiin mid ka mid ah riwaayaduhu waxay ku yaalaan xaafadda Hill District ee Pittsburgh halkaas oo August Wilson koray.
August Wilson ee wareegga ciyaaraha, si ay u qaataan tobanka sano ee ciyaaraha la dhigay:
- "Gem of the Ocean," 1904
- "Joe Turner's Come and Gone," 1911
- "May Rainey's Black Bottom," 1927
- "Piano Lesson," 1936
- "Todobaad Guitars," 1948
- "Deedka," 1957-58 iyo 1963
- "Laba Tareen oo Running," 1969
- "Jitney," 1977
- "King Hedley, II," 1985
- "Radio Golf," 1997
August Wilson wuxuu dhiirigeliyay farshaxanka African American, Romare Bearden. "Markaan [August Wilson] arkay shaqadiisa, waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee aan arko nolol madow oo soo bandhigtay dhamaanteedii oo dhan, waxaanan idhi, 'Waxaan rabaa in aan taas sameeyo - waxaan rabaa inaan ciyaaro aan la mid noqdo canavaska. '"