Xeelad Dhab ah oo qumman oo ku taala xeebta waqooyiga
Isku-darka kala duwan ee koox-kooxeedyada ayaa abuuray nafta iyo aqoonsiga Cleveland. Waa mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha magaalada siinaya dabeecaddiisa xiisaha leh, maaha in la xuso cuntooyinka qowmiyadaha, xaafadaha, iyo caadooyinka. Halkan fiiri kooxaha waawayn ee ka qayb qaatay sameynta Cleveland waxa maanta ah. Wixii dheeraad ah ee ku saabsan hiddaha qowmiyadeed ee Cleveland, hubi Mashruuca Xusuusta ee Cleveland.
01 ee 17
Poles
Dadka ajnebiga ah ee reer koonfureed ee reer galbeedka ee Cleveland waxay bilaabeen inay soo galaan qarnigii 19-aad, iyaga oo ka soo shaqeeyay mulkiilooyinka birta ah ee ku yaal webiga Cuyahoga iyo moolaha dhogorta leh. Iyadoo ay ku jiraan Czech, waxay degeen aagga ku hareeraysan Cuyahoga Valley, waxa hadda la yiraahdo Village Slavic iyo Newburgh Heights.
Booliska ayaa wali ka hadlay agagaarka Slavic Village, iyo dukaamada cuntada sida Seven Roses Deli, waxay iibiyaan sausages, pierogi, iyo waxyaabo kaloo kale oo Polish ah. Xaafadaha Slavic Village waxay u dabaal-dagaan hannaan walba May May iyada oo ay ka qayb-galaan xaflad fagaare ah iyo mid kasta oo Agoosto ah. St. Stanislaus Church, oo la aasaasay 1888, waxay saameyn hore u lahayd bulshadan waxayna gacan ka geysatey taageeridda dadka cusub.
02 ka mid ah 17
Talyaaniga
Muhaajiriinta ka soo jeeda Talyaaniga waxay bilaabeen in ay degaan Cleveland inta lagu guda jiro qarnigii 19-aad, aag markii loo yaqaan "Big Italy" oo ku yaalla Woodland iyo East 30th Street. Inta badan dadka degaanka Talyaaniga ah waxay ahaayeen dukaanno, dubayaal, iyo dukaamo. Weli wax yar oo ka mid ah "Big Italy", laakiin ganacsiyada sida Gallucci iyo Catallano ayaa xididdadiisa halkaa ku yaal.
Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad, koox kale oo Talyaani ah ayaa degay koonfurta Euclid, oo u dhow Mayfield, oo wali loo yaqaan Little Talyaaniga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah kuwan cusub ee soo galey waxay ahaayeen dhagaxyo xayawaan ku dhajiyay meel u dhow Xerada Lake View . Maanta ee Talyaaniga ayaa weli haya ruuxa jiilka hore ee Maraykanka.03 of 17
Irish
Irish wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah kooxihii ugu horeeyay ee degenaa Cleveland, waxaana soo jiitay shaqooyinka ay abuurtay Ohio-Erie Canal iyo Cleveland. Reerkii ugu horreeyey Irish waxay degsadeen Island Whiskey (oo lagu magacaabo Lorenzo Carter, ma aha dadka cusub) horraantii illaa iyo 1820-meeyadii.
Maaddaama ay ka shaqeyneyso berriga ayaa noqotay mid aad u ballaadhan, boqolaal ka mid ah dadka soo galootiga ah ee Irish ayaa ka yimid Yurub, iyagoo degay dhinaca galbeedka ee ku yaalla gudaha iyo hareeraha guryahooda maanta. St. Malachi, weli kaniisadda Irish, wuxuu ahaa xuddunta xaafaddaas.
Cleveland ayaa wali ku jira xasuusiyooyin badan oo ka mid ah kuwii hore ee Irish, tirooyinka sannadlaha ah ee Irish, xafladaha St. Patrick's sannadlaha ah, iyo xannaano badan oo Irish ah.04 of 17
Jarmalka
Dadka degan Jarmalka Waqooyi-Bari Oktoobar Ohio waxay inta badan ka yimaadeen wadamada bariga, kuwaas oo ka soo jeeda dadka yimid Maraykanka intii lagu jiray kacaanka Maraykanka.
Dhismaha Ohio-Erie Canal ee 1830-kii waxay keeneen qulqulka jiilka kowaad ee jarmalka, kuwaa oo intooda badan degay xaafadda Tremont ee maanta, on Lorain Street ee Brooklyn, iyo hareeraha jidadka dheeraadka ah iyo kuwa dhexe ee dhinaca bari. Muhaajiriintii hore ee Jarmalka waxay ahaayeen xirfadle xirfad leh, brewers, jewelers, iyo tailors, iyo xirfado kale.
Xaafadaha Jarmalka ee Cleveland waa la waayay, laakiin dhaxalka jarmalka magaalada waxaa laga arki karaa Suuqa Honsa ee Lorain, oo u dhow Suuqa Suuqa Galbeed, iyo Sion UCC ee Tremont.
05 ka mid ah 17
Slovenians
Inta lagu jiro qarnigii 20aad, Cleveland wuxuu lahaa bulshada ugu wayn ee reer Slnaaliya ee Maraykanka. Sawirada shaqooyinka qashinka birta, Slovenes waxay bilaabeen inay yimaadaan qarnigii 19aad, iyagoo degaya degaanka Newburgh.
Goobaha kale ee Slovenes waxaa ka mid ah aagga St. Clair Avenue (laga bilaabo East 30th Street ilaa Bariga 79th Street) iyo xaafadda Collinwood . Later, qaar badan oo ka mid ah jinsiyadaha Slovenia waxay u guureen Euclid, Ohio.
Clevelanders oo sheeganaya inay ka soo jeeda Slovenia waxaa ka mid ah Sen. George Voinovich iyo xiddiga polka Frankie Yankovic. Koox yar oo firfircoon oo Slovenian ah ayaa wali ka jira Cleveland.
06 ka mid ah 17
Shiinaha
Dhaxalka Shiinaha ee Cleveland wuxuu ka soo jeedaa koox yar oo isku xidhan oo reer Cantonese ah oo degay meel u dhaw Xaafada Dadweynaha 1860m. Kuwani horaantii Shiinaha degganaa waxay ahaayeen inta badan makhaayadaha makhaayadaha iyo shaqaalaha
Maaddaama magaalada hoose ee Cleveland kor u kacday, bulshadani waxay u dhaqaaqday dhinaca bari, marka hore waxay u dhowdahay agagaarka East 55th Street iyo Euclid Avenue iyo 1930-kii ilaa Cleveland's Chinatown ( hadda Asiatown ), agagaarka Rockwell iyo East 24th Street.
1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii waxay soo qaadeen dad badan oo ajaanib ah oo qaangaar ah, kuwaas oo loo keenay jaamacadaha Cleveland iyo shaqooyinka injineernimada iyo farsamada.
Maanta, Cleveland Asiatown waxaa ka buuxay makhaayadaha Shiinaha iyo Maraykanka iyo dukaamada cuntada ee Shiinaha waxaana la kulma dib-u-soo-noolaansho xaafad deggan.
07 ka mid ah 17
Czech
Czech waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn ee ugu da'da weyn ee ka soo jeeda qowmiyadda Cleveland. Muhaajiriintan, oo ka kooban Bohemians, Moravians iyo Silesiisiya, waxay bilaabeen inay yimaadaan qarnigii 19aad. Qaybaha Czech ayaa degay qeyb ka mid ah berriga maanta loo yaqaan 'Flats'.
Ka dib markii dhowaan ka soo wareegay magaalada ayaa laga sii waday meel ay ka heli karaan dhul ay ku beeraan khudradda, iyagoo degaya agagaarka Broadway iyo Fleet Avenue iyo meel u dhow Galbeedka 41st Street iyo Clark Avenue.
Labada gooboodba waxay weli haystaan dad xoog leh, dad tiro yar oo reer Czech ah iyo Ameerika. Dhaqanka Czech waxaa wali laga helaa kaniisadaha, sida St. John Napomocene oo ku yaalla Fleet Avenue iyo Karlin Hall, oo sidoo kale xaafada Slavic Village.08 of 17
The Ukrainians
Cleveland ayaa markii ugu horreysey u soo guurey dalka Ukraine waxay bilaabeen inay yimaadaan aagga bartamihii badhtamihii 1870-yadii, iyaga oo ku noolaa xaafada Tremont. Mowjadaha dambe ee haajiriinta waxay u yimaadeen Cleveland inta u dhexaysay Dagaalkii Dunida I iyo Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka iyo ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeedka. Muhaajiriinta dhawaan soo gashatay waxay abuurtay barxadda Yukreeniya oo ku taal Parma, oo keliya koonfurta magaalada Cleveland.
Jaaliyaddan firfircoon waxay leedahay saddex barnaamijyo raadiye iyo saddex jaraa'id oo ku yaalla Ukrain iyo sidoo kale Museum Museum oo ku yaala Kenilworth Avenue ee Tremont. Qaar ka mid ah kaniisadaha degaanka ayaa qabta adeegyada Ukraniga ah; kuwan waxaa ka mid ah Sts. Butros iyo Bawlos oo ku yaal Tremont iyo St. Josaphat oo ku yaal Parma.
09 ka mid ah 17
Hungariinta
Horraantii qarnigii 20aad, Cleveland wuxuu lahaa dadwaynaha ugu badan ee reer Hungary ee ka baxsan Hungary. Laga bilaabo 1870, dhibcaha Hungariinta ayaa u soo guuray Waqooyi-bari Ohio si ay uga shaqeeyaan caleenta iyo dukaamada moobiilka ay ku soo koraan aagga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah xaafadaha jarmalka ayaa sameeyay, labadaas ugu weyn ee ka mid ah ee ku yaalla East 79th Street iyo Woodland Avenue iyo wadada Buckeye Road.
Dhacdooyinka ka dambeeya dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka iyo 1956-kii Hungarian Revolution wuxuu keenay mawjado dheeraad ah oo haajiriinta ah.
Maanta, dhaqanka Hungarian-ka ee Cleveland wuxuu ku yaalaa beerta Hungarian ee ku yaala Gardens Cleveland Cultural Museum, Matxafka Dhaxalka Maktabadda, iyo makhaayado sida Balaton oo ku yaal Shaker Square (asal ahaan waddada Buckeye Road).10 of 17
Beesha Afrikaanka Ameerika
Dhaxalka madow ee Cleveland wuxuu ku dhowyahay sida magaalada oo kale. Markii ugu horeysay ee degenaa Afrika-American, George Peake, wuxuu yimid Cleveland 1809, oo kaliya 13 sano kadib markii Moses Cleaveland uu aasaasay magaalada 1796-kii. Tan iyo markaas dadka reer Afrikanka ah ee Maraykanka-Maraykanka ah waxay qayb weyn ka ciyaarayeen horumarinta magaalada. Waxaa ka mid ah Carl Stokes , oo ah duqa magaalada ugu horeeya ee Afrikaanka ah.
Dadka reer madow ee Cleveland waxay yimaadeen laba hirarka waawayn, oo badi ka soo jeeda Maraykanka. Roobkii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ka yimid 1890 illaa 1915 wuxuuna degay inta badan bartamaha Central Avenue, inta u dhexaysa bartamaha magaalada iyo Bariga 40-aad. Later, intii u dhexeysay 1940 ilaa 1960, mawjada labaad ee African-Americans ayaa yimid, qayb ka mid ah Socdaalka Great.
11 of 17
Kuuriyaanka
Cleveland tirada yar ee haajirayaasha reer Kuuriya waxay bilaabeen inay yimaadaan Waqooyi Bari Oktoobar Ohio dhammaadkii Dagaalkii Kuuriya ee 1953. Tirada tirada badan ee Kuuriyaanka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u yimid 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Kuwa soo galootiga ah ee cusubi waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu muhiimsan ardayda, takhaatiirta, iyo injineernimada.
Maaddaama Cleveland ee reer Kuuriya ay si tartiib ah u yimaadeen, waxay degeen magaalada oo dhan, halkii ay ka ahayd hal xaafad dhexe. Dhaqanka Kuuriyada Kobanheegan waxaa laga arki karaa lixda kaniisadaha Kuuriya-American ee magaalada, oo ay ku jiraan St. Andrew Kim Kuuriya Kaniisadda Catholic ee Tremont.
12 of 17
The Croatians
Croatia waa gobolka koonfureed ee Slavic ee Yurub ah, oo ah dhul aan buuq lahayn, gaar ahaan qarnigii 20aad. Xilligii 1990-guuradii, Cleveland wuxuu lahaa bulshada afraad ee ugu weyn ee reer Croatia ee Mareykanka. Muhaajiriintan ayaa bilaabay inay yimaadaan 1860-meeyadii, iyagoo la degay Slovenia meel u dhow St. Clair Avenue, oo ka yimid East Ninth ilaa Bariga Bariga 79-aad. Inta badan haajiriinta hore ee Croatia waxay ahaayeen shaqaale aan xirfad lahayn oo shaqooyin ka helay mishiinada birta iyo dukaamada mashiinka.
Muujintii dambe ee xirfadleyda sare ee xirfadlayaasha ah ee dhallinyaradu aad u dhalatay, ayaa timid kadib dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, oo ka cararaya xukunkii Communist ee Yugoslavia.
Maanta, dhaqanka Croatia waxaa laga arki karaa Hoyga Qaranka ee Croatia ee ku yaala Eastlake iyo kaniisadaha, sida St. Nicholas, on Avenue Avenue.
13 ka mid ah 17
Giriigyada
Bulshada Giriiga ee Cleveland waa mid yar laakiin mid aad u qoto dheer. Muhaajiriinta ka yimid Giriigga waxay bilaabeen inay yimaadaan Cleveland 1880-kii, waxay degeen agagaarka Bolivar iyo waddooyinka Ontario ee aagga lagu magacaabo Gateway.
Markii dambe ee soo galey qarnigii 20-aad ayaa degay Tremont wuxuuna aasaasay kaniisada Annunciation, oo wali ku soo badanaya maanta.
Dad badan oo ajaanib ah oo Giriig ah ayaa noqday ganacsadayaasha yaryar, furitaanka dukaan kafeega, macmacaan, makhaayado, iyo cunto yaryar. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah xarumahan ayaa weli leh kuwa ka soo jeeda Giriigga.
14 ka mid ah 17
Dadka Liibiya
Sida kooxo kale oo reer yurubta bari ah, tirada ugu horreysa ee soo galootiga Lithuania ayaa yimid Waqooyi-bari Ohio dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad, oo ay soo qabteen shaqooyin ka tirsan waaxda warshadaha. Kuwani markii hore waxay degeen agagaarka St. Clair Avenue, oo ka yimid Rockwell iyo Bariga Galbeedka 71st. Kaniisadahooda, St. George's Lithuanian Church ee Bariga 67th Street iyo Superior Avenue, ayaa la aasaasay 1895-kii, wali waa nool yahay.
Dhaqdhaqaaqa labaad ee qaxootiga Lithuania ayaa yimid Cleveland dhamaadkii Dagaalkii Aduunka II markii Midowgii Soofiyeedka uu dib ugu celiyay dhulkooda hooyo. Dadka soo galaya waxay abuurayeen jaaliyad kuyaal Bariga 185th St
Maanta, dhaqanka Lithuania waxaa laga heli karaa Foomka E. 185th Street Festival iyo ururinta Litvian ee Jaamacadda Kent State.
15 ka mid ah 17
Puerto Ricans
Puerto Ricans waxay ka dhigaan inta badan, qiyaastii boqolkiiba 85, bulshada Cleveland ee Hispanic. Kooxdani waxay bilaabatay inay timaado xeebta waqooyiga laga bilaabo 1945-dii iyo socdaalku sii waday ilaa 1965; waxaa loo shaqaaleeyey in ay ka shaqeeyaan warshadaha iyo goobaha lagu koriyo. Dadka dhowaan yimid waxay degeen Cleveland dhinaca bari, hareeraha Hough, Lexington, iyo jidadka dheeraadka ah.
Dhammaadkii 1950-meeyadii, bulshada reer Puerto Rican ee Cleveland waxay u guureen galbeedka ku dhow, oo ku yaalla Galbeedka Fifthaad illaa Galbeedka 65aad, oo u dhaxeeya Detroit Road iyo Clark Avenue. Tiro badan oo ka mid ah kuwa ka soo jeeda Puerto Rican ayaa wali wicitaan ku leh gurigaan.
Maanta, dhaqanka Puerto Rican ee Cleveland waxaa laga heli karaa dukaamo badan oo Hispanic ah oo ku yaala galbeedka dhow iyo xafladaha Puerto Rican, waxay qabteen August kasta.
16 ka mid ah 17
Vietnamese
Cleveland ayaa in ka badan 2,000 oo reer Vietnamese ah waxay bilaabeen inay yimaadaan Waqooyi Bari Oktoobar Ohio ka dib markii ay dhacdey Saigon bishii Abriil 30, 1975, dhacdadaas oo muujinaysa isu keenista Vietnam iyo dhamaadka Koonfurta Vietnam. Inta badan muhaajiriinta waxay degeen xaafadda Detroit / Shorway, oo ay la socdaan Madison, Franklin, iyo Detroit.
Maanta, dhaxalka Cleveland ee Vietnam waxaa laga arki karaa kaniisada St. Stephen's Church ee West 54th Street, dabaaldegga sannadlaha ah ee Tet ee bisha February, iyo makhaayado badan oo Vietnam ah oo magaalada ku yaal, oo ay ku jiraan # 1 Pho.
17 ka mid ah 17
Jaamacadda Carabta
Dadka soo galootiga ah ee Bariga Dhexe ayaa bilaabay in ay yimaadaan gudaha Cleveland ilaa iyo 1895-kii, kuwaas oo badankoodu ka cararaya dagaalada gobolka ka socda ee u horseeday Dagaalkii Dunida I. Badiba deggaanadii hore ee Carabta waxay ka yimaadeen Greater Syria (waddan ay ku jiraan maanta Lubnaan), badanaa dunida Carabta, waxay ahaayeen Masiixiyiin. Dadka ajaanibta ah waxay degeen agagaarka Bolivar Avenue ee magaalada hoose ee Cleveland iyo Tremont.
Duufaankii labaad ee soo galootiga Carabta ayaa yimid Cleveland kadib markii la aasaasay Israel 1948-dii, iyo muhaajiriintaas ayaa badi barokacay Falastiiniyiinta.
Maanta, dhaxalka Carabta ee magaalada waxaa laga arki karaa suuqyada ku yaalla suuqa Suuqa Galbeed iyo kaniisadaha, gaar ahaan St. Maron ee Carnegie iyo Church St. Antiochian Orthodox Church ee Tremont.