Goobta, Taariikhda, Kharashka Duulista, iyo Meelaha kale ee Rakaabka ah ee Runta ah Xaqiiqada
Mount Everest wuxuu ku yaalaa xadka u dhexeeya Tibet iyo Nepal oo ku yaal Himalayada Aasiya.
Everest wuxuu ku yaalaa Mahalangur Range oo ku yaala xeebta Tibetan oo loo yaqaano Qing Zang Gaoyuan. Shirku wuxuu si toos ah u dhexeeyaa Tibet iyo Nepal.
Mount Everest waxay haysaa shirkad sare. Mahalangur Range wuxuu ku nool yahay afar meelood oo lixaad ee ugu sareeya dhulka. Mount Everest nooc ka mid ah teendhooyinka asalka ah. Waqtiga ugu horeeya ee Nepal inta badan ma hubo in buurta Everest illaa qof uu cadeeyo!
On the Nepali side, Mount Everest waxay ku taallaa Seeraha Qaranka Sagarmatha ee degmada Solukhumbu. Dhinaca Tibetan, Mount Everest waxay ku taallaa Degmada Tingri ee ku taala Xigaze, waxa Shiinuhu u arkaa inuu yahay gobol madaxbannaan iyo qayb ka mid ah Jamhuuriyadda Dadka China.
Sababtoo ah xaddidaad siyaasadeed iyo arrimo kale, dhinaca Nepali ee Everest ayaa ah mid la heli karo oo marar badanna loola jeedo. Marka qof uu yiraahdo waxay u socdaan " Thousand to Camp Everest ," waxay ka hadlaan Koonfurta Aagga Dayrka 17,598 feet ee Nepal.
Sidee Sare ugu Dhintay Buundada?
Sahan lagu aqbalo Nepal iyo Shiinaha (hadda) ayaa soo baxay: 29,029 feet (8,840 mitir) oo ka sarreysa heerka badda.
Iyada oo tiknoolajiyada ay soo hagaageyso, farsamooyinka sahan ee sahanka waxay sii wadaan inay soo saaraan natiijooyin kala duwan oo loogu talagalay dhererka saxda ah ee Mount Everest Geologistku waxay isku khilaafsan yihiin haddii cabbiradu tahay inay ku saleysnaato baraf joogto ah ama dhagax. Marka lagu daro walbahaarkooda, dhaqdhaqaaqa tectonicka ah wuxuu keenayaa buurta in yar sannad kasta!
At 29,029 feet (8,840 mitir) oo ka sarreysa heerka badda, Mount Everest waa buurta ugu caansan oo ugu caansan dhulka iyadoo lagu saleynayo cabbir ilaa heerka badda.
Khamiisia Asia-ga ah ee ugu sarreeya dunida oo dhan - dalal lixaad leh: Shiinaha, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bhutan , iyo Afgaanistaan. Himalaya macnaheedu waa "joogitaanka barafka" ee Sanskrit.
Halkee ayuu Magaca "Ugu Dheer" ka yimid?
Dhab ahaantii, buurta dheer ee ugu dheer dunida kama helin magaca reer galbeedka qof kasta oo soo fuulay. Buurta waxaa loo magacaabay Sir George Everest, oo ah Wareegaha Warshadaha Welishka ee waqtigaas. Ma uusan dooneynin sharafkii oo uu u diidey fikradda sababo badan.
Tirada siyaasadda ee sannadkii 1865 way maqli wayday, haddana waxay magaceeda ku magacawday "Peak XV" ilaa "Everest" oo lagu sharfay Sir George Everest. Maxaa ka sii daran, dhakhtarka Welsh run ahaantii "Eave-nasasho" ma aha "weligiis"!
Buundada Everest waxay horey u lahayd magacyo maxali ah oo laga soo koobay alifbeekooyin kala duwan, laakiin midna ma ahayn wax caadi ah oo lagu dhisi karo rasmi ah iyada oo aan waxyeeleynin dareenkiisa. Sagarmatha, magaca Nepali ee Everest iyo parkka ku hareeraysan, lama isticmaalin illaa iyo 1960-kii.
Magaca Tibetan ee Everest waa Chomolungma oo macnaheedu yahay "Hooyo Quduuska ah."
Intee Ayuu Qiime Ahaa Inuu Fuulo Buundada Everest?
Duulinta buurta Everest waa qaali . Oo waa mid ka mid ah dadaalkaas oo aanad rabin in aad jarjar gooyo qalab raqiis ah ama kireyso qof aan garanayn waxa ay sameynayaan.
Ruqsadda ka timaada dowladda Nepal waxay ku kacdaa US $ 11,000 halkii marba mar. Taasi waa warqad qaali ah. Hase yeeshee, kharashyada kale ee aan-sidaas-yar-yar iyo khidmadaha ayaa si dhakhso ah ugu dhajinaya.
Waxaa lagaa qaadi doonaa maalin kasta xero saldhig si aad uga badbaadisid gacanta, caymis si aad u hesho jirkaaga haddii loo baahdo ... sicirada si dhaqso ah ayey u koraan ilaa $ 25,000 ka hor inta aadan iibsan qalabka koowaad ee koowaad ama kireysiga Sherpas iyo hagaha.
"Dhakhtarka Baaskiilka" Sherpas oo diyaariya jidka xilliga xiga wuxuu doonayaa magdhow. Waxa kale oo aad bixin doontaa kharashyada maalin kasta ee loogu talagalay daroogooyinka, helitaanka telefoonka, qashinka qashinka, saadaalinta cimilada, iwm. - waxaad ku jiri kartaa Xarunta Tababarka illaa laba bilood ama ka badan, iyadoo ku xiran hadba inta aad kufilaneyso.
Diyariga oo adkeysan kara jahannamada daadsan ee dusha sare ee Everest ma aha mid raqiis ah. Hal dab-dhaliye oo 3-litir oo dheeraad ah ayaa ku kici kara in ka badan $ 500. Waxaad u baahan doontaa ugu yaraan shan, laga yaabee in ka badan. Waa inaad sidoo kale u iibsataa Sherpas. Si sax ah u qiimeeynaya kabaha iyo fuulitaanka suunka labaduba waxay ku kici doonaan ugu yaraan $ 1,000.
Doorashada qiimaha raqiis ah ayaa kaa bixin kara suulasha. Qalabka shakhsi ahaaneed wuxuu inta badan soconayaa inta u dhexeysa $ 7,000-10,000 dushiisa.
Sida laga soo xigtay qoraaga, afhayeenka, iyo dalladda Todobaadlaha ah ee Alan Arnette, qiimaha celcelis ahaaneed ee lagu gaadhay shirwaynaha Everest ee koonfur galbeed iyo hagid galbeedka ahaa $ 64,750 ee sannadka 2017.
Sanadkii 1996-kii, kooxdan John Krakauer ayaa bixisay $ 65,000 mid kasta oo ka mid ah tartamayaashooda. Haddii aad runtii rabto inaad kordhiso fursadahaaga inaad gaarto dusha sare iyo inaad sii noolaato si aad u sheegto, waxaad dooneysaa inaad kireysato David Hahn. Iyadoo 15 isku dayga shirarka guuleysta, wuxuu heystaa rikoodhka loogu talagalay dadka aan xariirka ahayn. Isaga oo la socota isaga ayaa kaa qaadi doona $ 115,000.
Yaa ku soo kordhay buurta Everest First?
Sir Edmund Hillary, oo ah beekeeper ka yimid New Zealand iyo Nepalese Sherpa, Tenzing Norgay, ayaa markii ugu horreysay gaadhay shirkii 29-kii Maajo, 1953, saacadu markay ahayd 11:30 subaxnimo. u dabbaaldega inaad noqoto qayb ka mid ah taariikhda.
Waqtigaas, Tibet ayaa loo xidhay shisheeye sababtoo ah khilaafka lala yeeshay Shiinaha. Nepal waxaa loo ogolaaday kaliya hal dakhliga Everest sanadkiiba; Dhoofinnadii hore ayaa soo dhawaaday laakiin waxay ku fashilmeen inay gaaraan shirwaynaha.
Dhinacyada iyo fikradaha ayaa weli ka careysiiya haddii daacad British ah ee George Mallory ay gaareen shirkii 1924 ka hor inta uusan ku dhicin buurta. Jidhkiisa lama helin illaa 1999-kii. Everest wuxuu aad ugu fiican yahay abuurista muran iyo shirqoolo.
Diiwaangelinta Diiwaangelinta Abaabulan ee Everest
- Apa Sherpa ayaa si guul ah ku gaartay shirkii 21 jeer bishii May 2011-kii. Wuxu hadda ku nool yahay Utah.
- Sannadkii 2013, Sherpa Phurba Tashi waxay ku xirtay Apa Sherpa isaga oo 21 jir ah oo isku dayay in uu guulaysto. Tashi ayaa si wacan loogu yaqaanay doorka uu ka leeyahay shahaadada 2015 Sherpa .
- American Dave Hahn waxay haysaa tirada rikoodhka isku dayga guulaha ah ee aan ahayn Sherpa; wuxuu gaadhay shirkii 15-kii bishii May 2013-kii.
- Jordan Romero oo ah wiil 13 jir ah oo ka yimid California ayaa dhigay rikoodhka ugu weyn ee uu ku kici karo Mount Everest 22-kii May, 2010-kii. Wuxuu la kulmay aabihiis iyo hooyadiis. Waxa uu sidoo kale sii waday in uu noqdo kan ugu yar si uu u dhammeeyo Toddobaadka Shirarka.
- American Melissa Arnot ayaa ku casuumay marwadiisa 5-aad ee 2013-ka. Waxay haysataa rikoodhka loogu talagalay kulamo guuleysi ah oo ay gashay haween aan Sherpa ahayn.
Duulinta Buurta Everest
Sababtoo ah shirku wuxuu si toos ah u dhexeeyaa Tibet iyo Nepal, Mount Everest waxaa laga fuuli karaa dhinaca midiga Tibetan (woqooyi woqooyi) ama ka soo jeeda dhinaca Nepalese.
Laga bilaabo Nepal oo ka fuulaya godka koonfuurta koonfureed waxaa guud ahaan loo tixgeliyaa sida ugu fudud, labadaba sababo dhexdhexaad ah iyo sababo kala duwan. Hase yeeshee, woqooyiga ayaa ka soo raynaya wax yar, laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee, badbaadada ayaa aad u adag, helikobtarayaashuna looma ogola inay u duulaan dhinaca Tibetan.
Dhallinyarada ugu badan waxay isku dayaan inay ku fuulaan Buurada Everest oo ka soo jeeda dhinaca koonfureed ee Nepal, oo ka bilowda 17,598 feet oo ka soo jeeda Xerada Base ee Everest.
Deyrta buurta Everest
Badanaa dhimashada Buurta Everest waxay dhacdaa inta ay socoto. Iyadoo ay ku xiran tahay xilliga ay timarayaashu ka tagayaan shirarka, waa inay soo degaan isla markiiba marka ay gaaraan dusha sare si ay uga fogaadaan in ay ka baxaan oksijiinka. Waqtigu marwalba waa ka soo horjeedaa fuulida aagga dhimashada. Dhawr aad u tiro badan ayaa soo baxa, nasasho, ama riyaaqa aragtida ka dib shaqo adag!
Inkastoo qulqulatooyinka qaarkood ay kuftay muddo dheer oo ku filan si ay telefoonka satellite-ka ugu wacaan guriga.
Heerarka sare ee ka sarreeya 8,000 mitir (26,000 feet) oo sareeya ayaa loo tixgeliyaa "Dhimashada Dhimashada" ee dhexdhexaadinta. Aaggu wuxuu ku noolyahay magaciisa. Heerarka Oxygen ee kor u qaadistu waa dhuuban yihiin (qiyaastii saddex meelood oo hawada ka jirta heerka badda) si loo taageero nolosha bini'aadamka. Qodobada ugu badan, horeba u daaleen isku dayga, waxay u dhiman doonaan dhakhso leh iyadoon helin ogsijiin dheeri ah.
Cudurka dabaysha xayawaanka ku dhaca mararka qaarkood wuxuu dhacaa dhimashada Aagga Dhimashada, taas oo keenaysa indho la '. Ninka 28-jirka ah ee British-ka ah ayaa si lama filaan ah u indho-indheeyay 2010-kii markii uu soo degay oo uu ku dhintay buurta.
Sanadkii 1999-kii, Babu Chiri Sherpa wuxuu dhigay rikood cusub oo uu ku sii jirey shirkii in ka badan 20 saacadood. Xitaa wuxuu ku seexday buurta! Nasiib darro, hagaha adag ee Nepal ayaa ku dhintay 2001-dii kadib markii uu dhacay dayrtii 11-aad.
Mount Everest Dhimasho
In kasta oo dhimashooyinka Mount Everest ay helayaan feejignaan badan oo warbaahin ah, sababtoo ah buurta carabta, Everest dhab ahaantii ma aha buurta ugu da'da weyn ee dhulka.
Annapurna I ee Nepal waxay leedahay heerka dhimashada ugu sarreeya ee fuulayaasha, qiyaastii boqolkiiba 34 - in ka badan hal sadexda dookhiyeyaashu waxay kudhintaan celcelis ahaan. Dhab ahaan, Annapurna ayaa ugu dambeyntii liiska ugu sareeya buuraha ugu sareeya 10-ta adduunka. Qiyaastii boqolkiiba 29, K2 wuxuu leeyahay heerka dhimashada labaad ee ugu sarreeya.
Marka la barbardhigo, Mount Everest waxay leedahay heer dhimasho oo hadda ah 4-5%; in ka yar shan dhimasho boqolkiiba 100 oo isku-day ah. Tiradani kuma jiraan kuwa ku dhinta qulqulaha weerarka Xarunta.
Xilligii ugu xumaa ee taariikhda Everest isku daygii wuxuu ahaa 1996-kii markii cimilo xumi iyo go'aammo xun ay sababeen dhimashada 15 feeraha. Xilliga khatarta ah ee Mount Everest waa diiradda buugaag badan, oo ay ku jiraan Jon Krakauer's Into Thin Air .
Dhibaatada ugu wayn ee taariikhda Mount Everest waxay dhacdey 25kii Abriil, 2015, markii ugu yaraan 19 qof ay ku dhinteen noloshooda Xarunta Base. Dhibaatada waxaa ka dhashay dhulgariir ay waxyeelaysay dalka intiisa badan. Sannadkii hore, daadad ayaa kudhintay 16 Sherpas oo ku taala xerada Tababarka oo diyaarinayay jidadka xilli ciyaareedkan. Xilliga fuulitaanka ayaa la xidhay.
Trekking ilaa Campest Base
Everest Base Camp ee Nepal waxaa soo booqda kumanaan kun oo khiyaamo sannad kasta. Dhibaato lama qabsan karo ama qalab farsamo ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah socodka adag. Laakiin waxaad hubaal ahaan u baahan tahay inaad la qabsato hargab (qolalka suunka fudud ee qolalka qulqulaya lama kululayn) oo u sadaqo xajmiga.
Xerada Base, waxaa jira 53% oo keliya oo ah oksijiinka laga helo heerka badda. Dhawr raaxe sannadkii ayaa iska indhatiraya calaamadaha Cudurka Bukaanka Cafiska ah oo dhab ahaantii u hallaabaya wadada. Dhab ahaantii, kuwa si madax banaan u socdaalaya Nepal waxay la kulmaan dhibaatooyin yar. Naqshad isdabajoog ah ayaa tilmaamaysa in socodsiinta tours ee qabanqaabada ah ay ka baqayaan in ay kooxdu hoos u dhigaan iyaga oo ka hadlaya madax xanuun.
Iska-leexinta calaamadaha AMS (madax-xanuun, madax-wareer, jaahwareer) waa mid khatar ah-ma'aha!
Meelaha ugu sarreeya buuraha ugu sarreeya dunida oo dhan
Cabbiraaduhu waxay ku salaysan yihiin heerka badda.
- Mount Everest: 29,035 feet (8,850 mitir)
- K2 (oo ku yaalla China iyo Pakistan): 28,251 feet (8,611 mitir)
- Kangchenjunga (oo ku yaalla India iyo Nepal): 28,169 feet (8,586 meter)
- Lhotse (qayb ka mid ah xeryaha Everest): 27,940 feet (8,516 mitir)
- Makalu (oo ku yaal Nepal iyo Shiinaha): 27,838 feet (8,485 mitir)
- Cho Oyu (ku dhow deyrka Mount Everest ee udhaxeysa Nepal iyo Shiinaha): 26,864 feet (8,188 meter)
- Dhaulagiri I (Nepal): 26,795 feet (8,167 mitir)
- Manaslu (Nepal): 26,781 feet (8,163 mitir)
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan): 26,660 feet (8,126 mitir)
- Annapurna I (Nepal): 26,545 feet (8,091 mitir)